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Chrome, white, generally exists in the form of chromium iron compounds in the nature, the iron black or dark brown, block shape, dot, lenticular, ribbon, etc. Chromium is a very versatile metal.
Chromium is a silver-white metal that is refractory (melting point 1800℃) and has a specific gravity of 7.1, about the same as iron. Chromium is the hardest metal!
Chromium is usually brittle because it contains hydrogen or traces of oxides. Extremely pure chromium is not brittle and malleable.
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| Metal Chromium Lump / Cr Lmup | ||||||||||||||||
| Grade | Chemical Composition % | |||||||||||||||
| Cr | Fe | Si | Al | Cu | C | S | P | Pb | Sn | Sb | Bi | As | N | H | O | |
| ≧ | ≦ | |||||||||||||||
| JCr99.2 | 99.2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0008 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.2 |
| JCr99-A | 99 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.3 |
| JCr99-B | 99 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.5 |
| JCr98.5 | 98.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.5 |
| JCr98 | 98 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
Chromite has a melting point as high as 1900 ℃-2500 ℃, it retains volume at high temperatures, and with any slag unresponsive. So as refractory materials, chromium can be to used for furnaces and non-ferrous metal smelting furnace lining. Chromium is one of the world's most of hard metal. Chromium is often mixed into steel to make a hard and corrosion-resistant alloy. Most of the world's chromium, are used to produce various kinds of alloy. Stainless steel contains more than 12% chromium (some contain 13% chromium and 8% nickel). Stainless steel has excellent toughness and mechanical strength.
The method of producing electrolytic chromium from electrolytic chromium monoammonium and alum aqueous solution was reported many times from 1946 to 1950. The semi-industrial test was completed and the production technology of electrolytic chromium was established. In 1932, a. e. van Arkel reported that high purity chromium (Cr99.99%) was obtained by thermal decomposition of cr iodide for special use. China began to develop chromium metal in 1958. Jinzhou ferroalloy Plant was built into China thermite Chromium Metal Production Plant on the basis of semi-industrial experiments in the early 1960s. In order to reduce the chromium damage and improve the chromium recovery rate, the method of chromium hydroxide was used to produce chromium oxide. In 1959, electrolytic chromium was produced by chromium-ammonium alum aqueous electrolysis method in Jilin Ferroalloy Factory.
Chromium is a brittle metal can not be used as a metal material alone, but with iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, aluminum, copper and other components of the alloy, it becomes a thermal resistance, thermal strength, wear resistance and special properties of engineering materials.
Chromium metal is used as an alloying agent in the production of various nickel or cobalt-based superalloys, titanium alloys, aluminum-based alloys, resistance alloys, and copper alloys.
Some are used to produce stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. These materials are widely used in aviation, aerospace, nuclear reactor, automobile, shipbuilding, chemical, military and other industries.
